/* ==========================================================================
   Design tokens
   ========================================================================== */
   :root {
    --paper: #000105;           /*base color */
    --paper-raised: rgba(146, 101, 5, 0.835);    /*Object Background*/
    --ink: #f5f0ec;             /*Title text*/
    --ink-soft: #e0e0d6;        /*Sub text*/
    --ink-faint: #8B8779;       /*body text*/
    --line: #b18202ab;            /*borders 1*/
    --line-strong: #daa30c;     /*borders 2*/
    --accent: #daa30c;          /* figure color 1 */
    --accent-ink: #daa30c;      /*links color */
    --accent-soft: #04bdf5;     /* figure color 2 */
    --bronze: #d62323;          /* figure color 3 */
    --bronze-soft: #df7411;
  
    --font-display: "Fraunces", Georgia, serif;
    --font-body: "IBM Plex Sans", -apple-system, sans-serif;
    --font-mono: "IBM Plex Mono", "SFMono-Regular", Menlo, monospace;
  
    --radius: 3px;
    --max-width: 1400px;      /* upper cap on very wide screens */
    --gutter: clamp(1.25rem, 4vw, 3rem);
  }
  
  /* ==========================================================================
     Reset & base
     ========================================================================== */
  *, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
  html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
    *, *::before, *::after { animation-duration: 0.01ms !important; transition-duration: 0.01ms !important; }
  }
  
  html {
    background: var(--paper);
  }
  
  .starfield-canvas {
    position: fixed;
    inset: 0;
    z-index: 0;
    pointer-events: none;
    display: block;
  }
  
  body {
    margin: 0;
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--ink);
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  }
  
  img { max-width: 100%; display: block; }
  a { color: var(--accent-ink); text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 2px; }
  a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
  
  a:focus-visible,
  button:focus-visible,
  [tabindex]:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
    outline-offset: 3px;
  }
  
  .wrap {
    width: min(92%, var(--max-width));
    max-width: none;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding-left: var(--gutter);
    padding-right: var(--gutter);
  }
  
  .eyebrow {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent-ink);
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5em;
  }
  
  h1, h2, h3, h4 {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-weight: 500;
    line-height: 1.12;
    margin: 0 0 0.5em;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  }
  
  h1 { font-size: clamp(2.3rem, 5vw, 3.6rem); font-weight: 440; }
  h2 { font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 3vw, 2.1rem); }
  h3 { font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: 600; }
  
  p { margin: 0 0 1em; color: var(--ink); }
  .lede { font-size: 1.15rem; color: var(--ink-soft); max-width: 46em; }
  
  /* ==========================================================================
     Lattice motif — the site's signature element.
     Each variant encodes a real crystal-structure cross-section: cubic,
     hexagonal, and amorphous (used to tell research areas apart at a glance).
     ========================================================================== */
  .lattice.dipper { display: block; color: var(--accent-soft); }
  .lattice.dipper circle { fill: var(--accent-soft); }
  .lattice.dipper line { stroke: var(--accent-soft); stroke-width: 1; opacity: 0.55; }
  .lattice.crux { color: var(--bronze); }
  .lattice.crux circle { fill: var(--bronze); }
  .lattice.crux line { stroke: var(--bronze); }
  .lattice.cassiopeia { color: var(--bronze-soft); }
  .lattice.cassiopeia circle { fill: var(--bronze-soft); }
  .lattice.cassiopeia line { stroke: var(--bronze-soft); }
  
  .lattice-divider {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    margin: 3rem 0 2rem;
    color: var(--line-strong);
  }
  .lattice-divider::before,
  .lattice-divider::after {
    content: "";
    height: 1px;
    flex: 1;
    background: var(--line);
  }
  
  /* ==========================================================================
     Header / nav
     ========================================================================== */
  .site-header {
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 20;
    background: rgb(146, 101, 5);
    backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  }
  .site-header .wrap {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    height: 4.25rem;
  }
  .brand {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.6rem;
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--ink);
    text-decoration: none;
  }
  .brand:hover { color: var(--ink); }
  .brand small {
    display: block;
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.68rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    color: var(--ink-faint);
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }
  
  .nav { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1.75rem; }
  .nav a {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: 0.25rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
  }
  .nav a:hover,
  .nav a[aria-current="page"] {
    color: var(--ink);
    border-bottom-color: var(--accent);
  }
  
  .nav-toggle {
    display: none;
    background: none;
    border: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    width: 2.25rem;
    height: 2.25rem;
    cursor: pointer;
  }
  .nav-toggle span,
  .nav-toggle span::before,
  .nav-toggle span::after {
    content: "";
    display: block;
    width: 1.1rem;
    height: 1px;
    background: var(--ink);
    margin: 0 auto;
    position: relative;
  }
  .nav-toggle span::before { top: -5px; }
  .nav-toggle span::after { top: 4px; }
  
  @media (max-width: 720px) {
    .nav-toggle { display: block; }
    .nav {
      position: absolute;
      top: 4.25rem; left: 0; right: 0;
      background: var(--paper);
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: flex-start;
      gap: 0;
      padding: 0.5rem var(--gutter) 1rem;
      display: none;
    }
    .nav.is-open { display: flex; }
    .nav a { width: 100%; padding: 0.6rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
  }
  
  /* ==========================================================================
     Hero
     ========================================================================== */
     .hero {
      position: relative;
      min-height: 100vh;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      padding: 6rem 0 4.5rem;
    }
    .hero-photo {
      position: fixed;
      top: -12%;
      left: 0;
      right: 0;
      bottom: -12%;
      z-index: 0;
      background-size: cover;
      background-position: center;
      will-change: transform;
    }
    .hero .wrap {
      position: relative;
      z-index: 1;
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      justify-content: center;
      min-height: calc(100vh - 10.5rem);
    }
  .hero-content { max-width: 42em; }
  .hero h1 { margin-bottom: 0.6rem; }
  .hero .lede { margin-bottom: 2rem; }
  
  .scroll-cue {
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    bottom: 2rem;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    opacity: 0.6;
  }
  .scroll-cue span {
    display: block;
    width: 1px;
    height: 2.2rem;
    background: currentColor;
    position: relative;
    animation: scroll-cue-move 1.8s ease-in-out infinite;
  }
  @keyframes scroll-cue-move {
    0%, 100% { transform: translateY(0); opacity: 0.3; }
    50% { transform: translateY(6px); opacity: 0.9; }
  }
  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .scroll-cue span { animation: none; }
  }
  
  [data-fade] {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(24px);
    transition: opacity 0.7s ease, transform 0.7s ease;
  }
  [data-fade].is-visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    [data-fade] {
      opacity: 1;
      transform: none;
      transition: none;
    }
  }
  
  .btn-row { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.9rem; }
  .btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5em;
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    padding: 0.75rem 1.2rem;
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    text-decoration: none;
    border: 1px solid var(--ink);
  }
  .btn-primary { background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper); }
  .btn-primary:hover { background: var(--accent-ink); border-color: var(--accent-ink); color: #fff; }
  .btn-ghost { color: var(--ink); border-color: var(--line-strong); }
  .btn-ghost:hover { border-color: var(--ink); color: var(--ink); }
  
  /* ==========================================================================
     Sections & cards
     ========================================================================== */
  section:not(.hero) { padding: 4rem 0; position: relative; z-index: 1; }
  .section-head { display: flex; align-items: baseline; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; margin-bottom: 2.25rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }
  .section-head h2 { margin: 0; }
  
  .grid {
    display: grid;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(260px, 1fr));
  }
  
  .card {
    background: var(--paper-raised);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 1.75rem;
    transition: border-color 0.15s ease, transform 0.15s ease;
  }
  .card:hover { border-color: var(--line-strong); transform: translateY(-2px); }
  .card .lattice { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
  .card h3 { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
  .card p { color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: 0.95rem; margin-bottom: 0; }
  .card a.card-link {
    display: inline-block;
    margin-top: 0.9rem;
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    text-decoration: none;
  }
  
  /* News list */
  .news-list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .news-list li {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 8rem 1fr;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    padding: 1.1rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  }
  .news-list time { font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--ink-faint); padding-top: 0.15rem; }
  .news-list a { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 500; }
  .news-list a:hover { color: var(--accent-ink); }
  .news-list .news-title { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 500; }
  .news-list .news-summary { color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: 0.95rem; margin: 0.35rem 0 0; }
  
  @media (max-width: 560px) {
    .news-list li { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0.25rem; }
  }
  
  /* ==========================================================================
     People
     ========================================================================== */
  .pi-card {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 7.5rem 1fr;
    gap: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 2rem);
    padding: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 1.75rem);
    background: var(--paper-raised);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    align-items: start;
  }
  .avatar {
    width: 7.5rem; height: 7.5rem;
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    background: var(--line);
    border: 2px solid var(--accent);
    display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 2.2rem;
    color: var(--accent-ink);
  }
  .pi-card h2 { font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 3.2vw, 2.1rem); }
  .pi-card p { font-size: 1.1rem; color: var(--ink-soft); }
  .pi-card .role { font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--ink-soft); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.06em; margin-bottom: 0.6rem; }
  
  .people-grid { display: grid; gap: 1.25rem; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(240px, 1fr)); margin-bottom: 3rem; }
  .person {
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 1.5rem;
    background: var(--paper-raised);
  }
  .person .avatar { width: 7.5rem; height: 7.5rem; font-size: 2.2rem; margin: 0 auto 1rem; }
  .person .name { font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 1.45rem; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: -0.01em; margin-bottom: 0.3rem; }
  .person .role { font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--ink-soft); }
  .person .detail { font-size: 0.85rem; color: var(--ink-soft); margin-top: 0.5rem; }
  
  .alumni-list { columns: 2; column-gap: 2rem; font-size: 0.92rem; color: var(--ink-soft); }
  .alumni-list li { break-inside: avoid; padding: 0.35rem 0; border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--line); }
  @media (max-width: 560px) { .alumni-list { columns: 1; } }
  @media (max-width: 560px) {
    .pi-card { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .avatar { margin: 0 auto; }
  }
  
  .callout {
    border: 1px dashed var(--line-strong);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 1.75rem;
    background: var(--line);
  }
  .callout h3 { margin-bottom: 0.4rem; }
  
  
  /* --- People: clickable tiles + profile pages ------------------------------ */
  a.person {
    display: block;
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
  }
  a.person:hover { border-color: var(--ink); }
  a.person:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--ink); outline-offset: 3px; }
  .person-more {
    display: inline-block;
    margin-top: 0.85rem;
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent-ink);
    font-weight: 500;
  }
  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
    a.person, .pi-card { transition: border-color 0.15s ease, transform 0.15s ease; }
    a.person:hover, .pi-card:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); }
  }
  
  .profile {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: clamp(6.5rem, 22vw, 11rem) 1fr;
    gap: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 2.5rem);
    align-items: start;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
    padding: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 2.25rem);
    background: var(--paper-raised);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
  }
  .profile .avatar {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    aspect-ratio: 1;
    font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 5vw, 2.6rem);
  }
  .profile .role {
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
  }
  .profile-detail { color: var(--ink-soft); }
  .profile-bio { max-width: 42em; margin-top: 1.25rem; }
  .profile-side { min-width: 0; }
  .profile-links {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    margin-top: 1.25rem;
    font-family: var(--font-mono);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
  }
  
  /* --- People: clickable PI card  --- */
  .pi-card { position: relative; }
  .pi-card .stretched-link { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
  .pi-card .stretched-link::after { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; }
  .pi-card a:not(.stretched-link) { position: relative; z-index: 1; } /* email stays clickable */
  .pi-card:hover { border-color: var(--ink); }
  .pi-card:has(.stretched-link:focus-visible) { outline: 2px solid var(--ink); outline-offset: 3px; }
  
  /* ==========================================================================
     Publications
     ========================================================================== */
  
     .pub-year {
      font-family: var(--font-mono);
      font-size: 1.25rem;
      color: var(--accent-ink);
      margin: 2.5rem 0 0.75rem;
      padding-bottom: 0.4rem;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    }
    
    .pub-list {
      list-style: none;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }
    
    .pub-list li {
      display: block;
      width: 100%;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0.9rem 0 1rem;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line) !important;
      text-indent: 0;
      overflow-wrap: anywhere;
    }
    
    .pub-list .authors,
    .pub-authors {
      color: var(--ink-soft);
      font-size: 0.92rem;
    }
    
    .pub-list .venue,
    .pub-citation .venue {
      font-style: italic;
      color: var(--ink-faint);
      font-size: 0.9rem;
    }
    
    .pub-item {
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
      border: 0;
    }
    
    .pub-citation {
      line-height: 1.6;
      overflow-wrap: anywhere;
    }
    
    .pub-item .pub-category {
      display: inline;
      margin-right: 0.25rem;
      padding: 0;
      border: 0;
      font-size: inherit;
      font-weight: 700;
      line-height: inherit;
      color: inherit;
    }
    
    .pub-links {
      margin-top: 0.35rem;
    }
    
    .pub-doi {
      font-size: 0.9rem;
      overflow-wrap: anywhere;
    }  
  
  /* ==========================================================================
     Contact
     ========================================================================== */
  .contact-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 3rem;
  }
  @media (max-width: 720px) { .contact-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }
  .address-block { font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.92rem; line-height: 1.9; color: var(--ink-soft); }
  .address-block strong { color: var(--ink); font-family: var(--font-body); font-size: 1rem; display: block; margin-bottom: 0.3rem; }
  
  /* ==========================================================================
     Footer
     ========================================================================== */
  .site-footer {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    padding: 2.5rem 0;
    margin-top: 2rem;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
  }
  .site-footer .wrap {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 1rem;
  }
  .site-footer p { margin: 0; font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--ink-faint); }
  .foot-links { display: flex; gap: 1.25rem; }
  .foot-links a { font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--ink-faint); text-decoration: none; }
  .foot-links a:hover { color: var(--accent-ink); }
  .pub-year + .news-list { border-top: 0; }
  
  /* --- People photos: fill the avatar square, crop to square, keep faces near the top --- */
  .avatar { overflow: hidden; }
  .avatar img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: center 20%; display: block; }

  /* --- Contact page image (sits in the right-hand column) --- */
  .contact-notes { margin-top: 2rem; }
  .contact-figure { margin: -4rem 5rem 0 auto; max-width: 22rem; }
  .contact-figure img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    object-fit: contain;
  }
  
  /* --- News articles (markdown pages) --- */
.article {
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  padding: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 2.25rem);
  background: var(--paper-raised);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
}
.article-date { font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--ink-soft); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.06em; margin-bottom: 0.6rem; }
.article-body { max-width: 46em; margin-top: 1.25rem; font-size: 1.05rem; line-height: 1.7; }
.article-body h2, .article-body h3 { margin-top: 1.8em; }
.article-body p, .article-body li { color: var(--ink); }
.article-body ul, .article-body ol { padding-left: 1.4rem; }
.article-body img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; margin: 1.5rem 0; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); }
.article-body blockquote { margin: 1.5rem 0; padding-left: 1rem; border-left: 3px solid var(--accent); color: var(--ink-soft); }
.article-body code { font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.9em; background: rgba(0,0,0,0.25); padding: 0.1em 0.3em; border-radius: 2px; }
.article-body pre { overflow-x: auto; background: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 1rem; border-radius: var(--radius); }
.article-link { margin-top: 1.5rem; font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.9rem; }